Org-mode Frequently Asked Questions

In its default setup, Org-mode offers a simple outlining and task management environment. But it also has a huge number of features and settings "under the hood." Advanced users have configured Org-mode for almost every conceivable use scenario.

Org-mode has a very active community and rich and extensive documentation. Before emailing the mailing list to ask whether Org-mode has a particular feature or setting, please consult the following:

• Read/search the manual.
  • https://orgmode.org/manual/index.html
    • Make sure to check out the following indexes:
      • Main Index
      • Key Index
      • Variable Index

  • The manual is also easily available from within Emacs.

    Choose your favorite way to access the manual in Info mode in Emacs. You can

    • evaluate (info "(org)") within Emacs—i.e., type C-x C-e after the closing paren of the info expression above.
    • type M-x info and navigate to "Org Mode".
    • type M-x org-info.

    Search the manual using Info mode:

    • Type C-s term to search the entire manual. Keep pressing C-s to cycle through the results.
    • Press i term RET to jump to a term stored in the Info index. Press , to cycle through the results.

    Access the manual about Info mode with M-x info m info RET for more.

• Search the mailing list archives at lists.gnu.org or list.orgmode.org.

  There is a good chance that the feature you are looking for has already been discussed (most likely several times).

• Check for features from within emacs.
  • Emacs has a wonderful built-in help system.
  • You can browse (and change) most customization options by typing M-x org-customize.
  • You can check for a feature by typing M-x apropos [RET] [word] or C-h a word. This will search for all functions and variables matching the term (or regexp) you enter.

  • You can browse (and search for) org functions, variables, and faces by using M-x describe-variable (C-h v), M-x describe-function (C-h f), or M-x describe-face.

    After invoking one of these commands, simply type org-[TAB] to see a full list of relevant functions or variables or faces. You can then drill down further: e.g., org-export-[TAB] for export features.

• Checkout the tutorials on Worg.

  Several of these tutorials discuss advanced features (e.g., searching, custom agenda commands, tables, publishing) of Org-mode in depth.

  There are many other resources on Worg as well:

  Org Customization

  Includes a guide for beginners.

  Org Hacks

  User-generated modifications and add-ons.

  Org Glossary

  An explanation of basic Org-mode terms and concepts.

Yes, you can. Check for discussions and pointers here.

There is really no difference. Org is as simple as TaskPaper. It is just that, when using Org within Emacs, it lets you do many things that you wouldn't be able to do with TaskPaper. Yes, TaskPaper is fiddle-proof and people using Emacs tends to like fiddling (which is orthogonal to the idea of using todo-lists efficiently), but this is just a matter of discipline and common sense, not one of Org's design.

Read Carsten's enlightening statement on this.

The Unicorn is the logo of Org-mode because:

• Org-mode is the UNICs of ORgaNizers.
• Org-mode is an Emacs mode, so it makes sense to use an animal similar or related to the gnu used for GNU Emacs.
• Org-mode is meant to show you the way, and an animal with two horns can not do this very well, can it?
• Unicorn tears are said to reverse petrification, and wasn't this how we all felt before getting to some degree of time and task management?
• It will take forever to learn everything there is to know about a unicorn.
• A unicorn is a fabulous creature. Org-mode wants to be a fabulous creation.

Using a unicorn was originally Bastien Guerry's idea. His friend, the french artist Christophe Bataillon, designed the logo for us, and Greg Newman gave it a refresh some time later. Bastien writes why he chose a unicorn:

The first reason is not linked to the animal, but to the sounding of the word "Unicorn" - because Org gives you a /uni/que way of producing files in several format (HTML, LaTeX, etc.).

The second reason is that a Unicorn doesn't really exist, it is just something you can dream about, and make others believe it does exist. Just like the perfect organizer.

There was a thread about unicorns on the mailing list. Christopher Suckling posted a link showing how to make a simple foldable unicorn (very appropriate for an outlining program!).

Tim Burt made a very complicated one which is now a treasured possession of the Org-mode author.

• Official logo: org-mode-unicorn.png This logo is available in a number of different formats including Photoshop .psd and scaleable vector graphics .svg here.
• An alternative version from Christophe Bataillon ©.
• Chris Randle made a text version using the logo and glassgiant.com:
• Stefan Vollmar made a pdf version (here in png) using "a simple threshold technique".
• Tim Burt made a folded Unicorn to match the spirit of Org - see the whole set of pictures on his flickr page.
• Are unicorns real? Answer here by Ross Laird.

As of January 2018, yes. You can access the .org source of the manual on the repository.

Previously, Org mode documentation was written in TeXinfo, which is the standard format for Emacs documentation. Today, the Org mode documentation is exported to TeXinfo with the ox-texinfo exporter written by Jonathan Leech-Pepin and Nicolas Goaziou.

Yes. Please evaluate this function and run M-x org-insert-manual-bibtex-citation-at-point RET.

(defun org-insert-manual-bibtex-citation-at-point ()
  "Insert a BibTeX citation of the Org manual at point."
  (interactive)
  (insert
  "@book{dominik10:_org_mode_refer_manual,
  author =       {Carsten Dominik},
  title =        {The Org-Mode 7 Reference Manual: Organize
                  Your Life with GNU Emacs},
  publisher =    {Network Theory},
  year =         2010,
  address =      {UK},
  note =         {with contributions by David O'Toole, Bastien Guerry,
                  Philip Rooke, Dan Davison, Eric Schulte, and Thomas
                  Dye}
}"
  (message "Thanks for quoting the Org manual!")))

Please check the Org papers page for more references related to Org.

1. Make sure you are running the latest version of Org-mode.
2. Read the Feedback section of the manual.
3. Provide a minimal example that duplicates the bug.
   • Create a minimal .emacs file and start emacs with that file as detailed in these instructions.
   • Create a sample, minimal .org file that reliably reproduces the problem and post it to the mailing list.
   • Some users call this an "ECM", a French acronym that means a "minimal complete example".

This is a French acronym used by some mailing list members; it stands for "Exemple Complet Minimal", or "Complete Minimal Example". The term refers to test files that can reliably reproduce a bug with the minimal amount of code. When you report a bug to the mailing list, you should provide a minimal .org file (with no more text than necessary) that demonstrates the bug. See this post for more information.

The Org-mode mailing list is a high volume list, in which community members discuss use cases, configuration, bugs, and developments.

If you are new to Org-mode, please read/search the excellent manual (and pay special attention to the indexes) before asking your question.

You should also search the mailing list at lists.gnu.org or list.orgmode.org to see if your issue has already been discussed.

See this faq for more details.

The org-mode mailing list is moderated. Thus, if you are not subscribed to the mailing list, your mail will only appear on the list after it has been approved by a moderator. To ensure that your mail appears quickly, please subscribe to the list.

The org-mode mailing list is available via nntp at news.gmane.io/gmane.emacs.orgmode. Many participants in the list prefer to read the list in a newsreader, such as Gnus, instead of receiving emails. If you choose to read the list via nntp, you can still subscribe to the list and then opt not to receive any emails on the mailman settings page (see the "Mail Delivery" setting).

This will ensure that your messages to the list get through quickly, reduce the work load of the mailing list moderators (who need to clear every mail from non-members), and provide more accurate information about the number of list readers.

Org-mode develops quickly, which means that versions of Org-mode shipped with Emacs are often older than the last stable release. If you'd like to upgrade to the most recent version of org-mode, you have a number of options.

1. Install Org from GNU ELPA and the Emacs package manager as explained in this FAQ.
2. Clone and install the development git repository as explained here. If you don't want to run the bleeding edge, you can still use git to track the most recent stable releases.

Note: Please also see Is my Orgmode installation mixed? for a common issue with mixed installations.

Org-mode is developed in Git. You can keep up-to-date with Org-mode developement by cloning the Org-mode repository and refreshing your copy with latest changes whenever you wish. You only need to use two Git commands (clone and pull.) Here are the steps in brief (assuming a POSIX compatible shell and please customize locations to suit your setup):

1. Select a location to house the Org-mode repository (approx. 40 MB; includes documentation, compiled elisp files and history going all the way back to v4.12a)

   $ mkdir $HOME/elisp && cd $HOME/elisp
   

2. Clone the Org-mode Git repository.

   Recommended approach:

   $ git clone  git://git.savannah.gnu.org/emacs/org-mode.git
   

   (See The first time you contribute to Worg for how to gain access).

3. Compile and install Org-mode and build documentation.

   $ cd $HOME/elisp/org-mode && make
   

   Please note that you can choose to not compile at all and run using source .el files only (compiled files speed things up), but you will still need to generate the autoload files.

   $ cd $HOME/elisp/org-mode && make uncompiled
   

   If you'd like to install org-mode someplace outside the source tree (private or system-wide), you should edit local.mk to point to the appropriate install location. You may need administrator rights to do a system-wide installation.

   $ cd $HOME/elisp/org-mode && make install
   

4. This is where you configure Org-mode with Emacs. Please refer to Org tutorials.

5. Keeping up-to-date.

   Cloning the repository is a one time activity. From this point onwards you only need to pull the latest changes, which the Makefile is set up to do automatically for certain make targets.

   $ cd $HOME/elisp/org-mode && make update
   

   or if you immediately want to install as well

   $ cd $HOME/elisp/org-mode && make update2
   

   Actually in this case it is recommended to run the test suite before installation so that you don't install a version that fails testing.

   $ cd $HOME/elisp/org-mode && make up2
   

6. You should reload Org-mode to have the changes take effect (if you are not restarting Emacs, which is recommended). Also since the intention is to "keep up" with Org-mode, you should visit updated sections of documentation for latest updates (use git log.)

7. As you use your repository over time it will accumulate loose objects. You can reduce the total size of your git repository with

   $ git gc
   

   which will consolidate loose git objects into pack files. This reduces the size of the repository and speeds up data access to the objects.

This is not a problem if org-mode is installed system-wide, which automatically takes care of this issue! Since org-mode already ships with Emacs, a rather common problem among users is "How do I update the info documentation to the latest version of org-mode?". There are three ways to achieve this if for whatever reason you can't install into the standard, system-wide info directory:

1. You can set the INFOPATH environment variable in your login script like this:

   # ~/.bash_profile
   export INFOPATH=/path/to/org-mode/info:$INFOPATH
   ...
   

   /path/to/org-mode/info is wherever you install org-mode.

2. You can achieve the same with elisp like this:

   ;; Info directory
   (add-to-list 'Info-additional-directory-list
                (expand-file-name "/path/to/org-mode/info"))
   

3. You should specify the same location in the Makefile while installing org-mode like this:

   # Where local software is found
   prefix=/path/to/emacs-root
   ...
   # Where info files go.
   infodir = $(prefix)/share/info
   

There is no need to do this anymore for the purpose of adapting the build system to the local environment, since this can now be specified in local.mk. However, there may be a need to make other local changes to Org.

Say you want to make minor changes to the org.el or any other version controlled file from Org and you want to keep these changes on top of the main branch from Org. Create a local branch for your changes on top of origin/main as follows:

$ git checkout -b local origin/main
$ git config branch.local.rebase true
# Make your changes to the sources and create a new commit
$ git commit -am 'My local changes to Org'
# Update to a newer version
$ git pull

Now each time you pull new commits from the distribution repository your local commits will be rewound and replayed on top of the new origin/main. You would normally work on your local branch which includes your custom commits; there's no need to switch back to the main branch.

If you get a conflict during a git pull (a change in Org and one of your local changes try to alter the same line of code) you will need to edit the file with the conflict to fix up the conflicting lines and then tell git that you have resolved the conflict:

1. git pull fails with a conflict
2. edit the file: look for the conflict markers >>>>>>> and <<<<<<< and either keep one version or create a new one and remove all conflict markers while doing this.
3. git add the file to the index to mark the conflict resolved
4. git rebase --continue
5. lather, rinse, and repeat 2-4 as needed

Note that it is possible to have silent conflicts when a change in Org and one of your local changes do not edit the same line of code, but are logically incompatible — for example Org might have changed to assume roses are red while you've made a local change that defines my roses are yellow in some other place. Git will not warn you about such conflicts (it doesn't understand what the code does, of course).

At anytime during the rebase conflict resolution you can say "oops this is all wrong - put it back the way it was before I did a pull" using

$ git rebase --abort

The main branch of the git repository always contains the bleeding edge development code. This is important for Org's fast development, because code on main gets checked out by many people daily and we quickly receive bug reports if something is wrong. On rare occasions, this code may not function perfectly for a limited time while we are trying to fix things. It is therefore recommended to keep a known-good version of org-mode installed outside the source tree and always run the full test suite before using a new version from main.

Not everyone like to use this bleeding-edge code and face the danger to hit a surprising bug. The branch bugfix is specifically for collecting only fixes for known bugs between releases. If you don't want to wait for a new release, but don't want to live on the bleeding edge, consider using bugfix.

From time to time, we make a release by merging all the new features from main into bugfix. This typically happens when the maintainers feel that

1. they have reached a good point in the development
2. the code has a feature set that should stay and be supported in the future

Stable releases are used as the basis for alternative distributions of Org, and they are also the code that gets merged into the Emacs distribution. If you want to work only with stable releases, you can always download them here, but you can also also use the git repository to keep automatically up-to-date with the most recent stable releases (and save bandwidth!). Here's how to do so:

If you are using org-mode on a computer that lacks developer tools for compiling software, such as GNU Make, you will have to use a different installation method than the one outlined in the manual. Please see this description for compiling org-mode without make so you can install a recent version of org-mode without using the full build system.

Yes. You can download the latest archive at https://elpa.gnu.org/devel/org.html.

Releases of Org-mode are distributed as GNU ELPA package.

Steps for installing Org with package manager:

1. Do M-x list-packages to browse available packages.
2. If you see org as an available package.
3. Press i to mark the package for installation
4. Press x to install
5. Reload Emacs

6. Use M-x locate-library RET org. If your installation is successful you would something like the following:

   Library is file ~/.emacs.d/elpa/org-20110403/org.elc

M-x org-customize RET

See also Carsten's Org customize tutorial and this customization guide for details.

Not really—but there are a few editing features you can use in other modes.

• For tables there is orgtbl-mode which implements the table editor as a minor mode. (To enable, type M-x orgtbl-mode)
• For ordered lists there is orgstruct-mode which allows for easy list editing as a minor mode. (To enable, type M-x orgstruct-mode)

You can activate these modes automatically by using hooks:

(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)
(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgstruct)

For footnotes, there is the function org-footnote-action, which works in non-org buffers. This function is a powerful tool for creating and sorting footnotes. To use it globally, you can add the following keybinding to your .emacs file (requires Org 6.17 or greater):

(global-set-key (kbd "C-c f") 'org-footnote-action)

For other features you need to switch to Org-mode temporarily, or prepare text in a different buffer.

Org-mode develops very quickly. If you are using a version of Org-mode that shipped with emacs, there is a good chance that it is somewhat out of date.

Many of the users on the Org-mode mailing list are using either a recent release of Org-mode or the development version of org-mode from the git repository.

If some settings and features aren't working the way you expect, make sure that the version of the manual you are consulting matches the version of Org-mode you are using.

• You can check which version of Org-mode you are using by selection Org --> Documentation --> Show Version in the Emacs menu.
• The online manual at orgmode.org corresponds to the most recent release.
• The manual at www.gnu.org corresponds to the version of Org-mode released with the latest official Gnu Emacs release. Compared with the manual at the orgmode.org, the manual at www.gnu.org is somewhat out of date.

For instructions on how to stay current with Org-mode, consult this FAQ or follow the instructions on the official Org-mode site.

Yes. This snippet in your .emacs will bind C-M-] and M-] to global and local cycling:

(global-set-key (kbd "C-M-]") (lambda () (interactive) (org-cycle t)))
(global-set-key (kbd "M-]") (lambda ()
                              (interactive)
                              (ignore-errors
                                (end-of-defun)
                                (beginning-of-defun))
                              (org-cycle)))

Since Emacs 28, you can customize outline-minor-mode-cycle to make TAB and S-TAB work in outline-mode and outline-minor-mode.

Well, no—at least not automatically. You can, however, control the visibility of an org-file or of individual trees by adding instructions to your org file. See this section of the manual for more information.

Use git to track the history of the files, use a cronjob to check in changes regularly. Such a setup is described by Bernt Hansen in this message.

Add the following to your .emacs file:

(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README$" . org-mode))

You can even make it the default mode for any files with unspecified mode using

(setq default-major-mode 'org-mode)

Org-mode is flexible enough to accomodate a variety of organizational and time management schemes. Org's outline cycling and convenient editing and navigation commands make it possible to maintain all of your projects and notes in a single file. But Org-mode's quick and easy hyperlinks, along with easy refiling of notes and todos, also make it a delight to maintain a private "wiki" consisting of multiple files.

No matter how you organize your Org files, Org-mode's agenda commands make it easy to search all your notes and gather together crucial data in a single view.

For more in-depth discussion, see How many files?.

Org-mode has a few global keybindings that the user must set explicitly in an .emacs file. These keybindings include the customary shortcut for calling the agenda (C-c a). If nothing happens when you type C-c a, then make sure that the following lines are in your .emacs file:

;; The following lines are always needed.  Choose your own keys.
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org\\'" . org-mode))
(global-set-key "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
(global-set-key "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
(global-set-key "\C-cb" 'org-iswitchb)

You may, of course, choose whatever keybindings work best for you and do not conflict with other modes.

Please see this section of the manual if you have additional questions.

Some org variables have to be set before org.el is loaded or else they will not work. (An example is the variable org-enforce-todo-dependencies.)

You should also make sure that you do not require any other org-... files in your .emacs file before you have set your org variables, since these will also cause org.el to be loaded. To be safe, load org files after you have set your variables.

If your system's locale is not set to English, but you would like the timestamps in your org-mode files to appear in English, you can set the following variable:

(setq system-time-locale "C")

Using a stripped down minimal init file eliminates custom settings as the potential cause of an issue and makes it easy to reproduce for other people. The example below has system-specific paths that you'll need to change for your own use.

(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "~/git/org-mode/lisp"))
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.\\(org\\  |org_archive\\|txt\\)$" . org-mode))
(setq org-agenda-files '("/tmp/test.org"))
(require 'org)
(require 'org-habit)

(global-set-key "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
(global-set-key "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
(global-set-key "\C-cb" 'org-iswitchb)

You can save the minimal init file to ~/minimal.emacs, add suspect configuration code to it, then start Emacs like this:

emacs -Q -l ~/minimal.emacs

On OS X, starting Emacs with minimal configuration might look something like this:

/Applications/emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs -Q -l ~/minimal.emacs

Indentation, both appearance and behavior, is a matter of personal preferences. You may try if the following adjustments suits better for you than the defaults. Set org-adapt-indentation to have content aligned to headline titles. Disable electric-indent-mode to avoid automatic indentation in response to RET key.

In more details, org-adapt-indentation controls indentation with regards to previous element. Apparent effect is increased indentation for content of deeper nested headings. The variable accepts three values: nil (no special indentation), t (always indent relatively to the element above) and headline-data (only indent the PROPERTIES/LOGBOOK drawers relatively to the current level). Value t is suitable for short entries especially if you plan to share your documents with someone who does not use Emacs. If you just want to make heading level more prominent then consider adding visual left margin using #+STARTUP: indent as described in the Clean View section of the manual. The option works without adding extra spaces to the document text.

Configured indentation may be applied in response to RET or to C-j depending on the state of electric-indent-mode. The following tables summarizes the difference. Version number is added to column header if it describes default settings.

With electric-indent-mode enabled:

With electric-indent-mode disabled:

Do not try to avoid or to ignore indentation of heading body or properties drawer determined by current state of org-adapt-indentation and electric-indent-mode by pressing C-j instead of RET (or vice versa). The result is transient and you will lose formatting when you refile heading or change its level (promote or demote it).

You may have noticed recommendation to disable electric-indent-mode to restore behavior prior to Org 9.4. In Org 9.5 org-adapt-indentation default value changed to nil and, more importantly, a number of bugs related to indentation were fixed. Using RET with enabled electric-indent-mode should be convenient now. Just customize org-adapt-indentation variable accordingly to you preferences.

Yes. This perl script or this Perl script can help.

Emacs is distributed with a version of Orgmode bundled with it. A common problem among users who install a newer version of Orgmode separately is a mixed install where Emacs loads some files from the bundled and the rest from the latest version. This can lead to unending troubles in the future. With a recent installation of Org mode M-x org-version will indicate if the installation is mixed.

With somewhat older Org mode installations, the procedure is more involved and indeterminate. An easy first step is to look at the output of M-x org-version.

Good

Org-mode version 7.8.11 (release_7.8.11-448-g1737d3 @ /path/to/org-mode/lisp/)

Bad

Org-mode version 6.33x (release_7.8.11.409.ga3778)

A second step is to go through the output of list-load-path-shadows line-by-line to get hints to what in your configuration is causing the issue. Among the most common reasons is Orgmode gets loaded before the load-path variable is updated to include the installation directory of the latest Orgmode. To avoid issues like this, it is recommended that the load path is updated very early on in your init file.

Note: The formatting of the version information, as shown in the examples above, will be different for older Org mode releases, e.g. Org-mode version 7.8.02.

If you want special control about how Org-mode opens files, see org-file-apps variable.

However, normally it is best to just use the mechanism the operating-system provides:

yasnippet is yet another snippet expansion system for Emacs. It is inspired by TextMate's templating syntax.

• watch the video on YouTube
• see the intro and tutorial

Note: yasnippet is not compatible with org-indent-mode currently there is no known way to use both successfully with yas/trigger-key set to TAB (or [tab] etc…)

The way Org-mode binds the TAB key (binding to [tab] instead of \t) overrules yasnippets' access to this key. The following code fixes this problem:

(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
          (lambda ()
            (org-set-local 'yas/trigger-key [tab])
            (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field-group)))

If the above code doesn't work (which it may not with later versions of yasnippet). Then try the following

(defun yas/org-very-safe-expand ()
  (let ((yas/fallback-behavior 'return-nil)) (yas/expand)))

(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
          (lambda ()
            ;; yasnippet (using the new org-cycle hooks)
            (make-variable-buffer-local 'yas/trigger-key)
            (setq yas/trigger-key [tab])
            (add-to-list 'org-tab-first-hook 'yas/org-very-safe-expand)
            (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field)))

Rick Moynihan maintains a git repository (or Eric's fork of the same) with YASnippets for Org-mode.

Yes, see the Conflicts section of the manual.

Yes, see the Conflicts section of the manual.

When this sort of things happen, it probably is because Emacs is loading an old version of Org-mode instead of the one you expected. Check it with M-x org-version.

This happens because Emacs loads first the system org-mode (the one included with Emacs) before the one in your directory. Check the load-path variable; you might see that your org-mode appears after the system-wide path; this is bad.

You should add your directories to the load-path at the beginning:

(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/org-mode/lisp")

Function add-to-list adds at the beginning. Don't use append because it appends at the end.

This wrong version loading may also happen if you have a byte-compiled org.elc from an old version together with a new org.el. Since Emacs prefers loading byte-compiled files (even if the .el is newer), it will load the old Org-mode.

When I run the example batch files to print my agenda to the console under Win32 I get the failure:

End of file during parsing

and no agenda is printed.

The problem is the use of single quotes surrounding the eval in the emacs command-line. This gets confused under Win32. All string parameters with spaces must be surrounded in double quotes. This means that double quotes being passed to the eval must be escaped.

Therefore, instead of the following:

<path to emacs>\emacs.exe -batch -l ~/_emacs_org \
    -eval '(org-batch-agenda "a")'

you need to use the following:

<path to emacs>\emacs.exe -batch -l ~/_emacs_org \
   -eval "(org-batch-agenda \"a\")"

(all on one line, of course).

If it takes a long time to generate or refresh the agenda, you might want first check which version of org-mode you are using. There have been major optimizations of org-agenda since 6.21b, which was the version of org-mode released with Emacs 23. If you are using 6.21b or earlier (you can check with M-x org-version), then you might want to consider upgrading to a more recent version of org-mode.

Here are some other ideas for speeding up the agenda:

1. Use a one day agenda view (rather than a seven day view).

   (setq org-agenda-ndays 1)

2. Archive inactive items to separate files.

   C-c C-x C-s (org-archive-subtree)

3. Do not include the global todo list in your agenda view.

   (setq org-agenda-include-all-todo nil)

4. Make sure that your org files are byte-compiled.

   I.e., make sure there are files ending in .elc in your org installation directory.

5. Limit your agenda files (org-agenda-files) to files that have active todos and or projects.

   If you have a number of older reference files—i.e., files you search only occasionally—in your agenda files list, consider removing them from your agenda files and adding them to org-agenda-text-search-extra-files instead. Similarly, you might consider searching some of your older reference files with M-x grep so that Org-mode does not have to load them into memory when the agenda is called.

Yes:

(setq org-hide-block-startup t)

Or use

#+STARTUP: hideblocks

on a per-file basis.

In almost all cases an invalid function error is caused by an unclean Org-mode source directory. Cleaning it up and recompiling should fix the problem

cd /path/to/orgmode
make clean
make

In some cases, bits and pieces of org are loaded from various places (previous installs, the built-in install of org that came with whatever emacs version you have) and things get very confused. In all cases, cleaning up every last bit of org installation from everywhere and reinstalling org from git should restore sanity. See also the next question.

This is a particular instance of the previous question but with some twists and turns, and a solution culled from various postings on the mailing list.

starter-kit loads the site-file version of org (the one that came with your emacs install). Then when you load your init file, the local version is added to the front of load-path, so it looks as if things are originating there, but the damage is already done: you have a "frankenstein" org.

One possible solution is to add (package-initialize) to the primary init.el before starter-kit gets going. This will pick up the local install so that the built-in version never enters to muddy the picture.

Many filling/indenting problems have been reported on the mailing list: many of those were bugs (that have been fixed), but quite a lot are caused by people using the filladapt package, which is fundamentally incompatible with Org, which has its own facilities for these tasks. If you see strange behavior in this area, first check if you are using filladapt: visit an org file and check the modeline for "Filladapt".

If filladapt is on, you want to turn it off before investigating further. Anthony Lander suggested on the mailing list the following method to turn off filladapt mode when you visit org files:

(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-off-filladapt-mode)

This should be placed in your .emacs (or other initialization file) after org is loaded.

This is a question that applies to Emacs as a whole, but it comes up quite frequently on the org-mode mailing list, so it is appropriate to discuss it here.

If you would like to change the style of a face in org-mode (or any other Emacs mode), simply type M-x customize-face [RET] while the cursor is on the color/style you are interested in modifying. You will be given the opportunity to customize all the faces located at that point.

If you would like an overview of all the faces in org-mode, you can type C-u M-x list-faces-display [RET] org and you will be shown all the faces defined by org-mode along with an illustration of their current settings.

If you would like to customize org-faces and other aspects of org-appearance, type M-x customize-group org-font-lock [RET].

Finally, if you would like verbose information about the properties of the text under the cursor, you can type C-u C-x =.

See the Worg page on customizing Org appearance for further information.

When using emacs in daemon mode (emacs --daemon), client frames sometimes override the column view face settings, resulting in very small fonts. Here is a fix:

(defun org-column-view-uses-fixed-width-face ()
;; copy from org-faces.el
(when (fboundp 'set-face-attribute)
    ;; Make sure that a fixed-width face is used when we have a column
    ;; table.
    (set-face-attribute 'org-column nil
                        :height (face-attribute 'default :height)
                        :family (face-attribute 'default :family))))

 (when (and (fboundp 'daemonp) (daemonp))
  (add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'org-column-view-uses-fixed-width-face))

This fix was provided in the following mailing list post:

https://list.orgmode.org/loom.20100715T095418-84@post.gmane.org

You can add the following to your .emacs:

(add-hook 'org-finalize-agenda-hook
    (lambda () (remove-text-properties
               (point-min) (point-max) '(mouse-face t))))

Can I have nested, closed outline sections, similar to xml? This question comes up quite frequently on the mailing list.

See the following threads:

• https://list.orgmode.org/20110327170251.58923564@hsdev.com
• https://list.orgmode.org/AANLkTinaTdYWQTXLzCf2kJVOMv64OM_5tL_0JCYAssPr@mail.gmail.com
• https://list.orgmode.org/q2sc8f5e1e41004151315v433bc7b7udb98e65771a15340@mail.gmail.com
• https://list.orgmode.org/49CE32EC.5060508@gmx.de

The desired behavior looks something like this:

* Section one

Some text

** Subsection one

Some text

** Subsection two

Some text

,# end Subsection Two

Continue text in section one.

The short answer to the question is no. Org-mode adheres to the cascading logic of outlines, in which a section is closed only by another section that occupies an equal or greater level.

Here are some workarounds:

1. You can use inline tasks to create non-folding subsections. See the documentation in org-inlinetask.el, which is part of the org-mode distribution.
2. You can create a temporary heading, such as "** Continue main section" and then remove it when you are ready to export.
3. You can create a separate outline heading (e.g., * ACTIONS), creating TODOs there with links to the relevant sections of your main text.

No. When generating agenda views, org-mode treats only headlines as TODO items.

You can, however, use a status cookie together with checkboxes to monitor your progress on a series of subtasks:

** TODO Big task [1/3]

   - [X] Subtask 1
   - [ ] Subtask 2
   - [ ] Subtask 3

If you would like to embed a TODO within text without treating it as an outline heading, you can use inline tasks. Simply add…

(require 'org-inlinetask)

…to your .emacs and then type C-c C-x t to insert an inline task.

You may use indirect buffers which do exactly this. See the documentation on the command make-indirect-buffer.

Org-mode has built-in commands that allow you create an indirect buffer from a subtree of an outline. To open a subtree in new window, type C-c C-x b. Any changes you make in the new window will be saved to the original file, but the visibility of both buffers will remain independent of one another.

For multiple indirect buffers from the same file, you must use the prefix C-u when creating the second (or third) buffer. Otherwise the new indirect buffer will replace the old.

You can also create an independent view of an outline subtree by typing b on an item in the agenda.

See the section Clean outline view in the manual.

(setq org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree t) before losing your work.

(setq org-catch-invisible-edits 'show) will also be helpful. See the docstring of this option, as it allows more flexible options.

Some org-mode commands, such as M-right and M-left for demoting or promoting headlines (see this FAQ), can be applied to entire regions. These commands, however, will only work on active regions set with transient mark mode. Transient mark mode is enabled by default in Emacs 23. To enable it in earlier versions of emacs, put the following in your .emacs file:

(transient-mark-mode 1)

Alternatively, you may turn off transient mark mode and use a momentary mark (C-<SPC> C-<SPC>).

In org-mode, typing M-RET at the end of a headline will create a new headline of the same level on a new line. The same is true for plain lists. By default org-mode uses context to determine if a blank line should be inserted after each headline or plain list item when M-RET is pressed. For instance, if a there is a blank line before a headline, then typing M-RET at the end of the line will insert a blank line before the new headline. For instance, hitting M-RET at the end of "Headline Two" below inserts a new headline without a blank line:

** Headline One
** Headline Two
**

If there is a blank line between Headline One and Headline Two, however, the results will be as follows:

** Headline One

** Headline Two

**

If you do not like the default behavior you can change it with the variable org-blank-before-new-entry. You can set headings and/or plain lists to auto (the default setting), t (always), or nil (never).

If you have a long list of first level headlines that you'd like to demote to second level headlines, you can select the headlines as a region and then hit M-<right> to demote all the headlines at once.

Note: M-S-<right> will not work on a selected region. Its use is to demote a single subtree (i.e., a headline and all sub-headlines).

If M-<right> doesn't seem to work, make sure transient mark mode is enabled. See this FAQ.

Org-mode uses ellipses to indicate folded (and thus hidden) text. Most commonly, ellispes occur at the end of headings with folded content:

* Heading ...

Or, for instance, they may indicate closed drawers:

:PROPERTIES: ...

Sometimes, as a result of editing and cycling an outline, ellipses may appear in unexpected places. You should never delete these ellipses, as you may accidentally delete hidden text. Instead, you can type C-c C-r (org-reveal) to display all hidden text in the vicinity. Or you may type M-x RET show-all to reveal all text in the org file.

If you would prefer a symbol or face for indicating hidden text, you can customize the variable org-ellipses.

You can either use C-c C-w with a working refile-targets setup.

Or set org-yank-adjusted-subtrees to t which will adjust the yanked headline's level correctly.

Just use C-k and C-y as you would everywhere else in Emacs.

Yes, there is a script that enables one to view and navigate folded outline/org files in vim (though without most of org-mode's functionality, of course).

• Emacs outline mode - Imitates Emacsen : vim online

For instructions on how to set it up, please see this mailing list post.

Work is also underway on an org-mode clone for Vim. You can check it out on git hub:

https://github.com/hsitz/VimOrganizer

No. The "*" character is used in outline-mode, and Org is derived from outline-mode.

If you are curious as to what other rationales there are for "*", check out this mail and the thread it is in.

Even if you cannot use another character, you can add an overlay on top of the "*" characters and your buffer will look like the way you want.

See the library org-bullets.el (by Evgeni Sabof) from the contrib/ directory, or test this snippet shared by Jambunathan:

(font-lock-add-keywords
 'org-mode `(("\\(?:^\\(?1:\\*+\\)[[:blank:]]\\)"
              (0 (progn (compose-region
                         (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)
                         (pcase (length (match-string 1))
                           (1 ?\u2219)
                           (2 ?\u2022)
                           (3 ?\u25c9)
                           (_ ?\u25CB)))
                        nil)))))

(setq org-todo-state-tags-triggers '(("CANCELLED" ("ARCHIVE" . t))))

See https://list.orgmode.org/2013-01-18T11-28-57@devnull.Karl-Voit.at – thanks to Victor Rosenfeld for sharing Bernt Hansen's solution.

C-c C-t or S-<left/right> is what you need.

Take a look at the post by Bernt Hansen for setting up TODO keyword states and logging timestamps for task state changes.

Yes. Use (setq org-use-fast-todo-selection t)

If you want to set both your todos and your tags using a single interface, then check out the variable org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo.

See this section of the manual for more details.

Use C-c C-c or C-c C-q on the headline. C-c C-q is useful for setting tabs in a Remember buffer, since C-c C-c is the default keybinding for filing a note from the remember buffer.

You can set tags even more quickly by setting one of the character shortcuts for fast tag selection.

To set tag shortcuts for all org buffers, put something like the following in your .emacs file (or create the same settings by typing M-x customize-variable RET org-tag-alist):

(setq org-tag-alist '(("computer" . ?c) ("office" . ?o) ("home" . ?h)))

To set tag shortcuts for a single buffer, put something like the following at the top of your org file:

#+TAGS: computer(c) office(o) home(h)

You can use the variable org-todo-keyword-faces. Here are some sample settings:

(setq org-todo-keyword-faces
      '(
        ("TODO"  . (:foreground "firebrick2" :weight bold))
        ("WAITING"  . (:foreground "olivedrab" :weight bold))
        ("LATER"  . (:foreground "sienna" :weight bold))
        ("PROJECT"  . (:foreground "steelblue" :weight bold))
        ("DONE"  . (:foreground "forestgreen" :weight bold))
        ("MAYBE"  . (:foreground "dimgrey" :weight bold))
        ("CANCELED"  . shadow)
        ))

If you want to change the color of all active todos or all inactive todos, type:

M-x customize-face RET org-todo
M-x customize-face RET org-done

You can also set values for each of these in your .emacs file:

(set-face-foreground 'org-todo "firebrick2")
(set-face-foreground 'org-done "forestgreen")

Yes, provided you add it to the "word" syntax in Emacs.

For example, to add the \u25b6 and the \u25b8 chars, just add this to your Emacs configuration:

(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
   (lambda ()
     (modify-syntax-entry (string-to-char "\u25b6") "w")
     (modify-syntax-entry (string-to-char "\u25b8") "w")))

This has arisen a couple of time (e.g. https://list.orgmode.org/87r5718ytv.fsf@sputnik.localhost and https://list.orgmode.org/m2d3efqkl0.fsf@pluto.luannocracy.com in the mailing list.

There is an org-hack that describes a possible solution.

The confirmation is there to protect you from unwantingly execute potentially dangerous commands. For example, imagine a link

[[shell:rm -rf ~/*][Google Search]]

In an Org-mode buffer, this command would look like Google Search, but really it would remove your home directory. If you wish, you can make it easier to respond to the query by setting

(setq org-confirm-shell-link-function 'y-or-n-p
      org-confirm-elisp-link-function 'y-or-n-p).

Then a single keypress will be enough to confirm those links. It is also possible to turn off this check entirely, but I strongly recommend against this. Be warned.

Yes, this is how:

(setq org-return-follows-link t)
(setq org-tab-follows-link t)

Activating links with mouse-1 is a new feature in Emacs 22, to make link behavior similar to other applications like web browsers. If you hold the mouse button down a bit longer, the cursor will be set without following the link. If you cannot get used to this behavior, you can (as in Emacs 21) use mouse-2 to follow links and turn off link activation for mouse-1 with

(setq org-mouse-1-follows-link nil)

You can use org-insert-link with a prefix argument:

C-u C-c C-l

You will be greeted with prompt in the minibuffer that allows for file completion using your preferred Emacs method for finding files.

Org calls the browse-url function for mailto: links, so it should obey your Emacs configuration. If something goes wrong then info "(emacs) Browse-URL" may be a good starting point.

By default mail is composed in an Emacs buffer. If you prefer some external application instead then set browse-url-mailto-function to nil, e.g. using M-x customize-variable RET browse-url-mailto-function RET and mailto: links will be opened according to the value of browse-url-browser-function.

If you wish to compose messages in Emacs then consult info "(emacs) Mail Methods". Check that browse-url-mailto-function has its default value browse-url-mail. Emacs has several mail packages and the active one is determined by the mail-user-agent variable, so the next step may be to configure it to, e.g., gnus-user-agent using M-x customize-variable RET mail-user-agent RET.

If you prefer an external application that is not the one configured in your desktop environment, then you should write a custom URL handler function. Be careful, try to avoid using the shell (e.g. shell-command function) since it is easy to mess up the escaping of the URL argument and allow execution of arbitrary code: some parts of links may be treated as shell specials. Choosing a proper function to invoke an external application is a non-trivial task even for seasoned Emacs developers. When possible use an option like double dash -- before URLs that forces interpreting following as arguments even when a string resembles some option due to a leading dash. For examples, consult the source code of browse-url-xdg-open, browse-url-default-macosx-browser, or browse-url-default-windows-browser for GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, or MS Windows platforms accordingly.

When you are ready with a function launching your preferred handler for mailto: links, you should add it to browse-url-handlers associations list for Emacs-28.1 and newer or to browse-url-browser-function for earlier versions by customizing the suitable variable.

If you are going to change handler just in Org mode in a way that does not affect rest of Emacs than you can adjust :follow handler for mailto links, see info "(org) Adding Hyperlink Types" for details. E.g. for Mac OS X add the following snippet to your Emacs init file (on Linux to avoid silent failures add (process-connection-type nil) to let variables or use call-process with 0 as the DESTINATION argument instead):

(with-eval-after-load 'ol
  (org-link-set-parameters
   "mailto"
   :follow (lambda (path)
             (let ((url (concat "mailto:" path)))
               ;; platform-specific choice of function
               (start-process (concat "open " url) nil
                              "open" "-a" "Thunderbird" "--args" url)))))

In earlier versions Org had org-link-mailto-program variable, but it was removed, so its customization does not work any more. Update your init file if you noticed this variable.

Yes, you can with the contributed package org-wikinodes.el. Please consult the documentation.

Thunderbird-91 and later versions support mid: URI scheme proposed many years ago in RFC 2392 - Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators. To create a link you need to copy the value of the Message-ID header. It requires installing some add-on, see cb_thunderlink example below. As the last resort you may obtain the identifier by opening message source (Ctrl+U). Message-ID resembles email address but has a unique string in the local (user) part. Remove angle brackets and prepend the inner part with mid: to create a link. A command to open the referenced message would look like (do not forget to quote or to escape shell specials)

thunderbird 'mid:ka42mn$mn9$1@ger.gmane.org'

Your need to define "mid" link type in your Emacs init file:

(with-eval-after-load 'ol
  (org-link-set-parameters
   "mid"
   :follow (lambda (url &optional arg)
             (browse-url (concat "mid:" url) arg))))

Depending on your GNU/Linux distribution, thuderbird.desktop file may be shipped without mentioning the "mid" scheme in the list of supported MIME types. As a workaround add the following lines (configuration sections may already exist) to ~/.config/mimeapps.list or an equivalent global file:

[Added Associations]
x-scheme-handler/mid=thunderbird.desktop;

[Default Applications]
x-scheme-handler/mid=thunderbird.desktop;

On Windows ensure that Thunderbird is installed as default handler for URI protocols related to mail. This approach allows to have uniform handler withing Emacs, including goto-address-mode.

Instead of calling browse-url and setting up the scheme handler you may launch thunderbird directly. It is a bit tricky in Emacs, see suggestions for configuring of the mailto: link handler.

There is another way to open a particular message, but it is less convenient since moving the message to another folder invalidates the link:

thunderbird -mail 'imap-message://USER_NAME%40gmail.com@imap.googlemail.com/INBOX?messageId=ka42mn$mn9$1@ger.gmane.org'

There is cb_thunderlink Thunderbird add-on that allows to generate links accordingly to configurable template, e.g.

[[mid:$msgid$][$author_name$: $subject$ ($date_iso$)]]

See the discussion on the emacs-orgmode mailing list. Additionally the extension may open messages using thunderlink: and cbthunderlink: protocols however it requires installing of a helper application. These URI schemes may be registered in Org just as it is suggested for mid: links above.

The ThunderLink add-on recommended earlier did not work since transition of Thunderbird-78 from XUL add-ons to WebExtensions, so the following recipe is obsolete: from Christoph Herzog: Re: Linking to Thunderbird (correction). To open earlier created thunderlink: links either install cb_thunderlink add-on or add to browse-url-handlers alist a function that extracts Message-ID and passes it to mid: protocol handler.

(setq org-blank-before-new-entry
      '((heading . t) (plain-list-item . nil))

See also Why is a blank line inserted after headlines and list items?.

You can use C-c - or S-<left>/<right> to cycle through the various bullet headlines available for lists: -, +, *, 1., 1).

See this section of the manual for more information.

To convert a plain list item or line to a headline, type C-c * on the headline. This will make the line a subheading of the current headline.

To convert a headline to a plain list item, type C-c - while the cursor is on the headline.

To convert a headline to an unadorned line of text, type C-c * on the headline.

You can use query replace to accomplish the same things, as Bernt Hansen explains in this mailing list post.

Yes, these are now built-in:

- item1 :: Description of this item 1
- item2 :: Description of this item 2
- item1 :: Description of this item 3
      also in multiple lines

org-list-allow-alphabetical allows you to use alphabetical lists in Org, but this is purely visual, there is no effect on how the list is exported. It is simply exported as an ordered list, just like when you use numberes. How the list will be represented in the export depends on the backend. For example, the style file of a LaTeX document, or the CSS file for HTML documents set how ordered lists should be represented. It is good style to adhere to these general settings because it keeps the overall document structure consistent.

See this thread (and earlier ones) for a discussion about this.

No.

You can embed tables created with the table.el package in org-mode buffers, with mixed success when it comes to export and publishing.

When table alignment fails, it usually has to do with character sets where some characters have non-integer width. Org will deal correctly with characters that are one or two or three ASCII characters wide, but not with characters that are, for example, 1.5 ASCII characters wide. To make table alignment work you need to switch to a different character set.

Yes, you can, using org-plot.el written by Eric Schulte and now bundled with Org. See the manual section about this.

See also this excellent tutorial by Eric Schulte.

Here is how: Use a field formula to set the first value in the column:

| N   |   |
|-----+---|
| :=1 |   |
|     |   |
|     |   |
|     |   |
#+TBLFM: @2$1=1

Then define a column formula in the second field:

| N        |   |
|----------+---|
| 1        |   |
| =@-1 + 1 |   |
|          |   |
|          |   |
#+TBLFM: @2$1=1

After recomputing the table, the column will be filled with incremental numbers:

| N |   |
|---+---|
| 1 |   |
| 2 |   |
| 3 |   |
| 4 |   |
#+TBLFM: $1=@-1 + 1::@2$1=1

Note that you could use arbitrary starting values and column formulas.

Alternatively, you can just start the table

| N |   |
|---+---|
| 1 |   |

and with the cursor on the 1, use S-RET (bound to org-table-copy-down). That will add a row, incrementing the number as it goes. See the docstring for org-table-copy-down for more information and also see the next FAQ entry 12.5 if you don't want this behavior.

Well, it is supposed to be a feature, to make it easy to create a column with increasing numbers. If this gets into your way, turn it off with

(setq org-table-copy-increment nil)

Org-mode tried to compute the column from other fields using a formula stored in the #+TBLFM: line just below the table, and the evaluation of the formula fails. Fix the fields used in the formula, or fix the formula, or remove it!

When I am in the last column of a table and just above a horizontal line in the table, pressing TAB creates a new table line before the horizontal line. To move to the line below the horizontal line instead, do this:

Press down (to get on the separator line) and then TAB. Or configure the variable

(setq org-table-tab-jumps-over-hlines t)

With the setting

(setq org-table-formula-evaluate-inline nil)

this will no longer happen. You can still use formulas using the commands C-c = and C-u C-c =

You can use \vert to put a vertical bar inside a table field. This will be converted for export. To use it inside a word use abc\vert{}def. If you need something that looks like a bar in the Org mode buffer, you can use the unicode character brvbar which looks like this: ¦.

The indentation of a table is set by the first line. So just fix the indentation of the first line and realign with TAB.

Either split the table into several by inserting an empty line every 100 lines or so. Or turn off the automatic re-align with

(setq org-table-automatic-realign nil)

After this the only way to realign a table is to press C-c C-c. It will no longer happen automatically, removing the corresponding delays during editing.

Nothing, really. The spreadsheet in org is mostly done to make calculations possible, not so much to make them fast. Since Org-mode is firmly committed to the ASCII format, nothing is stopping you from editing the table by hand. Therefore, there is no internal representation of the data. Each time Org-mode starts a computation, it must scan the table for special lines, find the fields etc. This is slow. Furthermore, Calc is slow compared to hardware computations. To make this work with normal editing, recalculation is not happening automatically, or only for the current line, so that the long wait for a full table iteration only happens when you ask for it.

So for really complex tables, moving to a "real" spreadsheet may still be the best option.

That said, there are some ways to optimize things in Org-mode, and I have been thinking about moving a bit further down this line. However, for my applications this has so far not been an issue at all. If you have a good case, you could try to convince me.

By default, Org-mode exports tables without borders.

You can changed this by placing an #+ATTR_HTML line before the table:

#+ATTR_HTML: :border 2 :rules all :frame all

See the manual for more details.

• Short answer

  Avoid

  | 1 / 2 * 3 | 0.16666667000000 |
  #+TBLFM: $2 = $1; p20 %.14f
  

  and use

  | 1 / 2 * 3 | 0.16666666666667 |
  #+TBLFM: $2 = $1 +.0; p20 f-14
  

• Longer answer

  It is important to distinguish between the precision of

  1. p20: Calc internal calculation (calc-internal-prec)
  2. f-14: Calc float formatting, unlimited in precision (calc-float-format)
  3. %.14f: the printf reformatting, limited in precision

  See the Org manual (org-version 6.35 or newer) for more details.

  Use C-h v org-calc-default-modes RET to check the Org default settings which are used if no format specifiers are added to a table formula. The examples below have been made with the out_ofthebox Org defaults calc-internal-prec = 12 and calc-float-format = 8.

  Remember the formula debugger, toggled with C-c {, to view the processing stages like:

  formula debugger label	processing stage
  Result:	output of Calc
  Format:	reformatting with printf

  Following are some examples to demonstrate the interaction of the three precisions.

  • display precision limitations for Calc formulas

    • limited by Calc internal calculation precision from Org default (here p12)

      | 0.16666666666700 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3;     f-14
      

      | 0.1666666666670000000 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3;     f-19
      

    • limited by Calc float format from Org default (here f8)

      | 0.16666667 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3
      

      | 0.16666667 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3; p20
      

      | 0.16666667000000 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3;          %.14f
      

      | 0.16666667000000 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3; p20      %.14f
      

    • limited by Calc float format specified

      | 0.166667 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3;     f-6
      

      | 0.16666666666667 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3; p20 f-14
      

      | 0.1666666666666666667 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3; p20 f-19
      

    • limited by printf conversion to Emacs Lisp float

      | 0.1666666699999999900 | the inaccuracy is platform dependent |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3;          %.19f
      

      | 0.1666666699999999900 | the inaccuracy is platform dependent |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3; p20      %.19f
      

      | 0.1666666666666666600 | the inaccuracy is platform dependent |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3; p20 f-20 %.19f
      

    • limited by printf format specified

      | 0.166667 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = 1 / 2 * 3;         %.6f
      

  • display precision limitations for Emacs Lisp formulas

    • limited by Emacs Lisp float

      | 0.16666666666666666 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = '(/ 1.0 (* 2 3))
      

      | 0.1666666666666666574 | the inaccuracy is platform dependent |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = '(/ 1.0 (* 2 3)); %.19f
      

    • limited by printf format specified

      | 0.16666666666667 |
      #+TBLFM: $1 = '(/ 1.0 (* 2 3)); %.14f
      

This FAQ entry is based on this mailing list thread and is continued in the next FAQ entry.

• Short answer

  Avoid

  | 1 | 1 |
  #+TBLFM: $2 = $1; f-3
  

  and use

  | 1 | 1.000 |
  #+TBLFM: $2 = $1 +.0; f-3
  

• Longer answer

  For f3 and f-3 see `d f' (`calc-fix-notation') in the Calc manual in the section Mode Settings -> Display Modes -> Float Formats found here as long as the section numbering is unchanged.

  Remember the formula debugger, toggled with C-c {, to view the processing stages like:

  formula debugger label	processing stage
  Result:	output of Calc
  Format:	reformatting with printf

  Following are some examples to demonstrate different float formats.

  • normal precision

    |-----------+---------+-------+---------+----------+-------|
    |    number |      f3 |   f-3 | +.0; f3 | +.0; f-3 |  %.3f |
    |-----------+---------+-------+---------+----------+-------|
    |         1 |       1 |     1 |   1.000 |    1.000 | 1.000 |
    |         0 |       0 |     0 |   0.000 |    0.000 | 0.000 |
    |-----------+---------+-------+---------+----------+-------|
    |       1.0 |   1.000 | 1.000 |   1.000 |    1.000 | 1.000 |
    |       0.0 |   0.000 | 0.000 |   0.000 |    0.000 | 0.000 |
    |-----------+---------+-------+---------+----------+-------|
    | 1.0001666 |   1.000 | 1.000 |   1.000 |    1.000 | 1.000 |
    | 0.0001666 | 1.67e-4 | 0.000 | 1.67e-4 |    0.000 | 0.000 |
    |-----------+---------+-------+---------+----------+-------|
    | 1.0016666 |   1.002 | 1.002 |   1.002 |    1.002 | 1.002 |
    | 0.0016666 |   0.002 | 0.002 |   0.002 |    0.002 | 0.002 |
    |-----------+---------+-------+---------+----------+-------|
    #+TBLFM: $2 = $1; f3 :: $3 = $1; f-3 :: $4 = $1 +.0; f3 :: $5 = $1 +.0; f-3 :: $6 = $1; %.3f
    

  • high precision

    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | number               |                      f19 |                  f-19 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1                    |                        1 |                     1 |
    | 0                    |                        0 |                     0 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1.0                  |    1.0000000000000000000 | 1.0000000000000000000 |
    | 0.0                  |    0.0000000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e19 |    1.0000000000000000000 | 1.0000000000000000000 |
    | 0 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e19 | 1.666666666666666667e-20 | 0.0000000000000000000 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e18 |    1.0000000000000000002 | 1.0000000000000000002 |
    | 0 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e18 |    0.0000000000000000002 | 0.0000000000000000002 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    #+TBLFM: $2 = $1; p20 f19 :: $3 = $1; p20 f-19
    

    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | number               |                 +.0; f19 |             +.0; f-19 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1                    |    1.0000000000000000000 | 1.0000000000000000000 |
    | 0                    |    0.0000000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1.0                  |    1.0000000000000000000 | 1.0000000000000000000 |
    | 0.0                  |    0.0000000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e19 |    1.0000000000000000000 | 1.0000000000000000000 |
    | 0 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e19 | 1.666666666666666667e-20 | 0.0000000000000000000 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    | 1 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e18 |    1.0000000000000000002 | 1.0000000000000000002 |
    | 0 + 1 / 2 * 3 * 1e18 |    0.0000000000000000002 | 0.0000000000000000002 |
    |----------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------|
    #+TBLFM: $2 = $1 +.0; p20 f19 :: $3 = $1 +.0; p20 f-19
    

    The printf reformatting (%.19f) cannot be used with high precision, see the previous FAQ entry.

Set the org-latex-tables-centered to t:

(defcustom org-latex-tables-centered t
  "When non-nil, tables are exported in a center environment."
  :group 'org-export-latex
  :type 'boolean)

No.

You can add the following line to your .emacs file:

(setq org-footnote-auto-adjust t)

Or, if you prefer, you can turn this option on locally by placing the following line at the top of your org file:

#+STARTUP: fnadjust

When auto-adjust is turned on, footnotes in the file with numerical labels will be renumbered whenever a new footnote is added. Meanwhile, all footnotes, including those with custom labels such [fn:custom-label ], will be sorted in the order of their appearance in the text.

This emulates the footnote behavior that many users may be familiar with from word-processing programs or from the footnote-mode included with emacs.

If you do not turn on org-footnote-auto-adjust, you sort and/or renumber footnotes at any time by calling org-footnote-action with a prefix argument.

Org-mode has a very robust footnote mechanism allowing for a variety of types of footnotes. With some of the following footnote notations, auto-adjust may be either irrelevant or undesired:

• Automatically numbered
• Footnotes with custom labels
• Inline footnotes

In addition, Org-mode can be customized to place footnotes either at the end of a document or at the end of the outline heading in which they appear. Users who change this setting while editing a document may be disconcerted to find all of their footnotes rearranged automatically.

If the following occurs:

#+OPTIONS: toc:nil
Some entered text.
,# More entered tex.

Make sure that the variable comment-start is nil.

Org-mode has some very convenient markup for including literal blocks and lines of code in a file. (This is especially useful when exporting documents or using the contributed package org-babel for executing blocks of code.)

#+begin_src perl
print "Hello, world!\n";
#+end_src

It can be tiresome to enter the block comment lines manually. There are several possible shortcuts you can use to enter them:

1. Built-in expansion
   • Org-mode has a "secret" method of expanding source code blocks and comment lines.
   • If you type "<s" followed by TAB or M-TAB, a source block will magically appear.
   • For a full list of expansions, type M-x describe-variable [RET] org-structure-template-alist.
2. Registers

   • Add the following line to your emacs file:

     (set-register ?p "#+begin_src\n\n#+end_src perl")

   • Then type C-x r i p to insert the source block. Please note: if you save another value to the register "p" with C-x r s p, it will overwrite the setting above for the current emacs session.
3. Abbrevs
   • Activate the abbrev minor-mode in org-mode:
     • M-x abbrev-mode
     • Permanently:
       • (add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda () (abbrev-mode 1)))
   • In org-mode, type "sbp" (a sample abbreviation for a perl source block).
   • Immediately after "sbp" type C-x a i l.
   • Enter the expansion:
     • #+begin_src perl[C-q C-j][C-q C-j]#+end_src
     • Note: C-q C-j creates a new line in the minibuffer
   • Now, whenever, you type sbp followed by SPACE or RET in an org-mode buffer, the src block will magically appear.
   • To review your list of abbrevs, type M-x edit-abbrevs.
4. Skeletons

   • Skeletons offer a simple way of automatically entering text. Here's a skeleton that queries for the type of block and wraps the active region inside it:

     (define-skeleton skel-org-block
              "Insert an org block, querying for type."
              "Type: "
              "#+begin_" str "\n"
              _ - \n
              "#+end_" str "\n")
     

   • Simply type skel-org-block to insert the block.
     • You can bind this to a key.

     • You can also create an abbrev that invokes this function:

       (define-abbrev org-mode-abbrev-table "blk" "" 'skel-org-block)
       

5. Yasnippet
   • Several org-mode users install yasnippet for convenient, complex expansion.
   • See Bernt Hansen's org-mode setup for a good introduction to yasnippet.

Yes. Use backquotes.

E.g. if you have a variable called org-test-file and you want the variable org-capture-templates to "understand" (i.e. evaluate) org-test-file when Emacs evaluates the (setq org-capture-templates [...]) expression, use backquotes like this:

(setq org-capture-templates
      `(("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline ,org-test-file "Tasks")
       "* TODO %?\n  %i\n  %a")
      ("b" "Buy" item (file+olp ,org-test-file "Stuff to Buy" "House")
       "")))

Yes, you can. Take a look at the setup described by Bernt Hansen and check out (in the same thread) what Nick Docos had to fix to make Bernt's set-up work for him.

Yes, this is possible. You can add :clock-in t parameter to the capture template where you want to start the clock automatically.

(require 'org-capture)
(add-to-list
 'org-capture-templates
 `("c" "Call" entry (file "~/Org/inbox.org")
   "* Call with %?" :clock-in t :clock-resume t))

M-x visible-mode will display the full link, making them searchable.

Take a look at org-fold-show-context-detail customization. It gives command-dependent control over how much context is shown by a particular operation.

You can construct a regular expression that matches all targets you want. Alternatively, use a C-u prefix with the second and any further calls to org-occur to keep the current visibility and highlighting in addition to the new ones.

See the dedicated page about agenda speed up and optimization.

Deadline warnings appear in the daily agenda view a specified number of days before the deadline is due. The default setting is 14 days. You can change this with the variable org-deadline-warning-days. (See this section of the manual.)

For instance,

(setq org-deadline-warning-days 30)

would cause warnings for each deadline to appear 30 days in advance.

Naturally, you might not want warnings for all of your deadlines to appear so far in advance. Thus, you can change the lead time for individual items as follows:

* TODO Get a gift for the party
  DEADLINE: <2009-01-16 Fri -2d>

The "-2d" above changes the lead time for this deadline warning to two days in advance. You can also use "w" for weeks and "m" for months.

The easiest way to postpone a task is to schedule it in the future. For instance, typing C-c C-s +2w on a headline will push a task two weeks into the future, so that it won't show up on the daily agenda until two weeks from now.

If you'd like to prevent the task from showing up on your global todo list, you have a couple of options.

1. You can set the variable org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled to t. This will exclude any scheduled items from your global list of active todos (C-c a t). (The variable org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date will exclude both scheduled and deadline items from your todo list).
2. You can remove the todo keyword from the item (C-c C-t <SPC>). The item will still appear on your agenda two weeks from today, but it won't show up on your todo lists.

Yes. See this thread on the list.

It is often convenient to group org files into separate categories, such as "home" and "work" (or "personal" and "professional"). One of the main reasons for such classification is to create agenda views that are limited by type of work or area of responsibility. For instance, while at work, one may want to see only professional tasks; while away from work, one may want to see only personal tasks.

One way to categorize files and tasks is to use a "#+FILETAGS" declaration at the top of each file, such as:

#+FILETAGS: work

As long as org-use-tag-inheritance is turned on, the filetags will be inherited by all tasks in the file. A file can have multiple filetags. And, of course, tags can be added to individual headings.

Tasks can be quickly filtered by tag from within the agenda by typing "/" and the name of the tag. The full key sequence to filter for work items in an agenda view would be:

C-c a a / work [or a tag shortcut]

Another way to filter agenda views by type of work is to use a "#+CATEGORY" declaration at the top of each file, such as:

#+CATEGORY: work

Categories can also be added to individual headings within a file:

* Big project
  :PROPERTIES:
  :CATEGORY: work
  :END:

All todos belonging to the category "work" can be found a with a simple tags-todo search:

C-c a M

At the prompt, type:

CATEGORY="work"

The same results can be achieved with custom agenda commands, such as:

(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("h" tags-todo "CATEGORY=\"home\"")
        ("w" tags-todo "CATEGORY=\"work\"")
        ;; other custom agenda commands here
        ))

You can simply include the directory (as one of the items) in the value of the variable org-agenda-files:

(setq org-agenda-files '("/my/special/path/org/"))

There is another way of accomplishing the same end:

(setq org-agenda-files (file-expand-wildcards "/my/special/path/org/*.org"))

If items remain on your daily/weekly agenda after they are marked done, check the configuration of the following variables:

org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done
org-agenda-skip-deadline-if-done
org-agenda-skip-timestamp-if-done

For instance, type:

M-x customize-variable RET org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done

If this variable is turned off (nil), then scheduled items will remain on the agenda even after they are marked done.

If the variable is turned on (t), then scheduled items will disappear from the agenda after they are marked done.

If these settings seem not to behave the way you expect, then make sure you understand the difference between SCHEDULED, DEADLINE, and timestamps.

To show only the current instance of a repeating timestamp, put the following in your .emacs:

(setq org-agenda-show-future-repeats nil)

For more detailed discussion, see Planning timestamps.

1. Items with a DEADLINE timestamp (set with C-c C-d) appear on your agenda in advance of the when they are due and remain on your Agenda until they are done. Add a DEADLINE to an item if you want to make sure to complete it by a certain date. (The option org-deadline-warning-days determines how far in advance items with deadlines will show up in the agenda. See this FAQ for more information.)

   For example:

   * TODO Item with a deadline
   DEADLINE: <2009-01-20 Tue>
   

2. SCHEDULED items (set with C-c C-s) will appear on your Agenda on the day they are scheduled and on every day thereafter until they are done. Schedule a task if you want to be reminded to do something beginning on a certain day and until it is done.

   For example:

   * TODO Scheduled item
   SCHEDULED: <2009-03-01 Sun>
   

3. An active timestamp (set with C-c .) will appear on your Agenda only on the day it is scheduled; it will appear in the time-grid at the given time, if any. Use a timestamp for appointments or any reminders you want to show up only on a particular day.

   For example:

   * TODO Item with an active timestamp <2009-04-18 Sat>
   

   Or:

   * TODO Item with an active timestamp
   <2009-04-18 Sat>
   

Note: Items with inactive timestamps (set with C-c ! and marked by square brackets) will not show up in the agenda at all.

Yes, you can use the library find-lisp.

(load-library "find-lisp")
(setq org-agenda-files (find-lisp-find-files "~/org" "\.org$"))

This will add all files ending in org in the directory "~/org" and all of its subdirectories to your list of agenda files.

If on a *nix machine, you can also use the find utility, which can be faster than the find-lisp library:

(setq org-agenda-files
      (mapcar 'abbreviate-file-name
              (split-string
               (shell-command-to-string "find ~/org -name \"*.org\"") "\n")))

See this thread on the mailing list for more information.

When preparing the agenda view, org-mode scans each relevant headline for a time designation. This approach is very nice for adding free-form timestamps to an item for scheduling. Thus, either of the following work would work to schedule an item at 10:00am:

** 10:00am Get dried ice at the magic store
   SCHEDULED: <2009-05-27 Wed>

** Get dried ice at the magic store
   SCHEDULED: <2009-05-27 Wed 10:00>

To enable this flexibility, org-mode scans the entire headline for time of day notation. A potential problem can arise if you use inactive timestamps in the headline to note when an item was created. For example :

** Get dried ice at the magic store [2009-05-26 Tue 12:58]
   SCHEDULED: <2009-05-27 Wed>

Org-mode would interpret the time in the inactive timestamp as a time-of-day indicator and the entry would appear in your agenda at 12:58.

If you would like to turn off the time-of-day search, you can configure the variable org-agenda-search-headline-for-time (requires org-mode >= 6.24).

You can add a keybinding as follows:

(add-hook 'org-agenda-mode-hook
   (lambda ()
     (define-key org-agenda-mode-map " " 'org-agenda-cycle-show)))

Then, as you press SPACE on an item on the agenda, it will cycle the visibility of its original location.

See the org-agenda-remove-tags variable.

If you work past midnight, you may not want your daily agenda view to switch to the next day at 12 a.m. (the default). To extend your day, simply set the value of org-extend-today-until to a positive number corresponding to the number of hours you work past midnight. For example, the following setting will cause the current day to extend until 6 a.m.

(setq org-extend-today-until 6)

Use org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift and read this blog post for details.

Since the org-mode agenda is much more powerful and can contain the diary, you should think twice before deciding to do this. If you insist, however, integrating Org-mode information into the diary is possible. You need to turn on fancy diary display by setting in .emacs:

(add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'diary-fancy-display)

Then include the following line into your ~/diary file, in order to get the entries from all files listed in the variable org-agenda-files

&%%(org-diary)

You may also select specific files with

&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/org-file.org
&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/another/org-file.org

If you now launch the calendar and press d to display a diary, the headlines of entries containing a timestamp, date range, schedule, or deadline referring to the selected date will be listed. Just like Org-mode's agenda view, the diary for today contains additional entries for overdue deadlines and scheduled items. See also the documentation of the org-diary function. Under XEmacs, it is not possible to jump back from the diary to the org, this works only in the agenda buffer.

Put this in your ~/.diary:

&%%(org-diary :scheduled :timestamp :deadline)

See this post by N. Dokos on the list. See also Russell Adams's hack in org-hacks.

M-x org-agenda-to-appt RET

Org-mode's active timestamps work very well for scheduling individual or recurring appointments, such as:

* 8:00am Dentist appointment <2009-01-16 Fri>

or

* Vacation
  <2009-03-20 Fri>--<2009-04-01 Wed>

or

* Weekly meeting with boss
  <2009-01-20 Tue 14:00 +1w>

Sometimes, however, you need to set up more complicated recurring appointments. Org-mode has built-in support for many of the powerful sexp entries that work in Emacs diary.

Let's say, for instance, that you teach a class that meets every Monday evening between February 16 and April 20, 2009. The way to enter this an org-mode file is:

** Class 7:00pm-9:00pm
   <%%(and (= 1 (calendar-day-of-week date)) (diary-block 2 16 2009 4 20 2009))>

The expression above designates all Mondays that fall between February 16 and April 20. How exactly does it work?

(and…

Indicates that both of the conditions that follow have to be true.

(= 1 (calendar-day-of-week date))

Is the day of the week a Monday?

• Note: the function calendar-day-of-week converts the date to the day of week expressed in numeric form, where 0 = Sunday, 1 = Monday, and so on.

(diary-block 2 16 2009 4 20 2009)

Does the date fall between these two dates?

You can make a sexp as complex as you like. If you wanted to omit a week because of holidays, for instance, you could add another condition to the sexp:

** Class 7:00pm-9:00pm
   <%%(unless (diary-block 3 9 2009 3 13 2009) (and (= 1 (calendar-day-of-week date)) (diary-block 2 16 2009 4 20 2009)))>

The sexp above would omit Monday during the week of March 9, 2009. For another way to accomplish the same thing, see this FAQ.

Another diary function commonly used for more complex scheduling is diary-float. For instance,

* Monthly meeting
  <%%(diary-float t 3 3)>

… would appear on the third Wednesday of every month.

For more ideas on how to create diary special expressions, see this page on the Emacs wiki.

Org-mode offers a convenient diary sexp function for setting up a recurring appointment that lasts for a certain period of time, such as a class. It is called org-class and it can be entered as follows:

** Class 7:00pm-9:00pm
   <%%(org-class 2009 2 16 2009 4 20 1 10)>

The function above schedules an appointment for every Monday (1) between February 16 and April 20, 2009, except for ISO week 10 (March 1 to March 7).

If you would prefer not to place the timestamp in the headline, you can use the following format:

** Class
   <%%(org-class 2009 2 16 2009 4 20 1 10)> 7:00pm-9:00pm Class

In this case, the string following the sexp will be displayed in the agenda.

The function org-class has the following format:

(org-class Y1 M1 D1 Y2 M2 D2 DAYNAME &rest SKIP-WEEKS)

Y1/2, M1/2, and D1/2 indicate the beginning and ending dates. DAYNAME takes the form of a number indicating the day of the week (0 = Sunday, 1 = Monday, and so on…). In addition, one can add an optional argument SKIP-WEEKS to indicate weeks on the calendar that should be skipped. This argument should be expressed as an ISO week number. You can find the number by invoking emacs' built-in calendar (M-x calendar), navigating to the appropriate week, and typing p c (calendar-iso-print-date). If one of the SKIP-WEEKS is the symbol holidays, then any holidays known to the calendar are also skipped.

Here is an alternative method, shared by Paul Sexton on the org mailing list:

Let's say you are taking night classes in Spanish. The class is every Wednesday evening at 7pm, starting on 18 August, and runs for 8 weeks. Org-mode's timestamps do not support limited occurrences of recurrent items – you have to schedule the item with infinite recurrences, then delete it when it finishes.

To schedule the Spanish classes, put the following in your .emacs:

(defun diary-limited-cyclic (recurrences interval m d y)
  "For use in emacs diary. Cyclic item with limited number of recurrences.
Occurs every INTERVAL days, starting on YYYY-MM-DD, for a total of
RECURRENCES occasions."
  (let ((startdate (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian (list m d y)))
        (today (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)))
    (and (not (minusp (- today startdate)))
         (zerop (% (- today startdate) interval))
         (< (floor (- today startdate) interval) recurrences))))

The item in the org file looks like this:

** 19:00-21:00 Spanish lessons
   <%%(diary-limited-cyclic 8 7 8 18 2010)>

Easter's date moves around from year to year according to a complicated set of criteria which I do not claim to understand. However the following code will allow you to schedule recurring events relative to Easter Sunday.

Note: the function da-easter is from da-kalender.el.

Put the following in your .emacs:

(defun da-easter (year)
  "Calculate the date for Easter Sunday in YEAR. Returns the date in the
Gregorian calendar, ie (MM DD YY) format."
  (let* ((century (1+ (/ year 100)))
         (shifted-epact (% (+ 14 (* 11 (% year 19))
                              (- (/ (* 3 century) 4))
                              (/ (+ 5 (* 8 century)) 25)
                              (* 30 century))
                           30))
         (adjusted-epact (if (or (= shifted-epact 0)
                                 (and (= shifted-epact 1)
                                      (< 10 (% year 19))))
                             (1+ shifted-epact)
                           shifted-epact))
         (paschal-moon (- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
                           (list 4 19 year))
                          adjusted-epact)))
    (calendar-dayname-on-or-before 0 (+ paschal-moon 7))))


(defun da-easter-gregorian (year)
  (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute (da-easter year)))

(defun calendar-days-from-easter ()
  "When used in a diary sexp, this function will calculate how many days
are between the current date (DATE) and Easter Sunday."
  (- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)
     (da-easter (calendar-extract-year date))))

Now we can schedule the public holidays associated with Easter as recurring events. Good Friday is 2 days before "Easter", Easter Monday is one day after.

* Good Friday
<%%(= -2 (calendar-days-from-easter))>

* Easter Sunday
<%%(= 0 (calendar-days-from-easter))>

* Easter Monday
<%%(= 1 (calendar-days-from-easter))>

[Source: Posted by Paul Sexton on Org-mode mailing list.]

In New Zealand each regional capital has an "Anniversary Day". The date of Auckland's anniversary day is "the nearest Monday to 29 January".

Put this in your .emacs:

(defun calendar-nearest-to (target-dayname target-day target-month)
  "Recurring event that occurs in the nearest TARGET-DAYNAME to
the date TARGET-DAY, TARGET-MONTH each year."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((dayname (calendar-day-of-week date))
         (target-date (list target-month target-day (calendar-extract-year date)))
         (days-diff (abs (- (calendar-day-number date)
                            (calendar-day-number target-date)))))
    (and (= dayname target-dayname)
         (< days-diff 4))))

Now we can schedule Auckland Anniversary Day. The first argument, 1, means Monday (days of the week are numbered starting with Sunday=0).

[Source: Originally posted by Paul Sexton on Org-mode mailing list.]

This does not require any additions to .emacs:

* Labour Day (NZ)
  <%%(diary-float 10 1 4)>

Probably because you have not set the following variable:

org-agenda-skip-additional-timestamps-same-entry

The default value of this variable is t, which means that entries with multiple timestamps, such as the following…

* Work really, really hard
  <2010-11-20 Sat 10:00>
  <2010-11-20 Sat 14:00>

… will only appear in the agenda at the time specified by the first timestamp. If you set org-agenda-skip-additional-timestamps-same-entry to nil, the item will appear will appear at all the times you specify.

Yes. Vagn Johansen wrote org-import-calendar.el which lets you do this.

This is one of the most common FAQs on the Org mailing list. The following export filter will allow headlines tagged ignore to be ignored during export, while their contents and children headlines are retained and children headlines are promoted to the level of the original headline. Alternately, a more in depth discussion with a variety of alternate solutions is available in org-hacks here.

;; During export headlines which have the "ignore" tag are removed
;; from the parse tree.  Their contents are retained (leading to a
;; possibly invalid parse tree, which nevertheless appears to function
;; correctly with most export backends) all children headlines are
;; retained and are promoted to the level of the ignored parent
;; headline.
;;
;; This makes it possible to add structure to the original Org-mode
;; document which does not effect the exported version, such as in the
;; following examples.
;;
;; Wrapping an abstract in a headline
;;
;;     * Abstract                        :ignore:
;;     #+LaTeX: \begin{abstract}
;;     #+HTML: <div id="abstract">
;;
;;     ...
;;
;;     #+HTML: </div>
;;     #+LaTeX: \end{abstract}
;;
;; Placing References under a headline (using ox-bibtex in contrib)
;;
;;     * References                     :ignore:
;;     #+BIBLIOGRAPHY: dissertation plain
;;
;; Inserting an appendix for LaTeX using the appendix package.
;;
;;     * Appendix                       :ignore:
;;     #+LaTeX: \begin{appendices}
;;     ** Reproduction
;;     ...
;;     ** Definitions
;;     #+LaTeX: \end{appendices}
;;
(defun org-export-ignore-headlines (data backend info)
  "Remove headlines tagged \"ignore\" retaining contents and promoting children.
Each headline tagged \"ignore\" will be removed retaining its
contents and promoting any children headlines to the level of the
parent."
  (org-element-map data 'headline
    (lambda (object)
      (when (member "ignore" (org-element-property :tags object))
        (let ((level-top (org-element-property :level object))
              level-diff)
          (mapc (lambda (el)
                  ;; recursively promote all nested headlines
                  (org-element-map el 'headline
                    (lambda (el)
                      (when (equal 'headline (org-element-type el))
                        (unless level-diff
                          (setq level-diff (- (org-element-property :level el)
                                              level-top)))
                        (org-element-put-property el
                          :level (- (org-element-property :level el)
                                    level-diff)))))
                  ;; insert back into parse tree
                  (org-element-insert-before el object))
                (org-element-contents object)))
        (org-element-extract-element object)))
    info nil)
  data)

(add-hook 'org-export-filter-parse-tree-functions 'org-export-ignore-headlines)

It is often useful to be able to make small tweaks to the export output by using filters.

The Org mode manual has a dedicated section on this topic: https://orgmode.org/manual/Advanced-Export-Configuration.html

If you plan to use ASCII or HTML export, make sure things you want to be exported as item lists are level 4 at least, even if that does mean there is a level jump. For example:

* Todays top priorities
**** TODO write a letter to xyz
**** TODO Finish the paper
**** Pick up kids at the school

Alternatively, if you need a specific value for the heading/item transition in a particular file, use the #+OPTIONS line to configure the H switch.

#+OPTIONS:   H:2; ...

If you want to export a subtree, mark the subtree as region and then export. Marking can be done with C-c @ C-x C-x, for example.

Alternatively, you can select option C-s in the org export dispatcher (e.g.., C-c C-e C-s to export the current subtree to html).

By default, the title of the exported file will be set to the heading of the subtree. You can, however, customize the title and other export options.

You can set unique export options for a single subtree by using properties. Relevant properties include:

• EXPORT_TITLE
• EXPORT_AUTHOR
• EXPORT_DATE
• EXPORT_FILE_NAME
• EXPORT_OPTIONS (corresponds to the #+OPTIONS: configuration line)

Here is what you need to do:

1. a script that calls Emacs in batch mode and produce a .ics file
2. a script that uploads this .ics file somewhere on the web
3. tell your webapp to fetch this .ics file on the web

Here is the script I use for the first step:

#!/bin/bash

/usr/local/bin/emacs --batch --eval \
"(progn (load-file \"~/install/git/org-mode/org.el\") \
        (load-file \"~/elisp/config/org-batch-config.el\") \
        (setq org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file \"~/org/cal/org.ics\")
        (setq org-agenda-files (quote (\"~/org/bzg.org\"))))" \
    -f org-export-icalendar-combine-agenda-files

Depending on your configuration, you might change the load sequence.

Here is the script I use for the second step:

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/rsync -rtv ~/org/org.ics -e ssh me@my_server:/home/me/public_html/

Note: if you want to cron this rsync script, you will need to let my_server to know about your SSH public key. Check this page as a starter.

Now you can cron the two scripts above and your webapp will always be up to date with your Org agendas.

Also see Exporting agenda views from Org manual.

When using iCal under Apple MacOS X Tiger, you can create a new C-e c=, see the variables org-icalendar-combined-name and org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file). Then set Org-mode to overwrite the corresponding file ~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics. You may even use AppleScript to make iCal re-read the calendar files each time a new version of OrgMode.ics is produced. Here is the setup needed for this:

(setq org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file
    "~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics")
(add-hook 'org-after-save-iCalendar-file-hook
 (lambda ()
  (shell-command
   "osascript -e 'tell application \"iCal\" to reload calendars'")))

For Mac OS X 10.4, you need to write the ics file to /Library/WebServer/Documents/ and then subscribe iCalendar to http: //localhost/orgmode.ics

You can place an options line at the top of your org file:

#+OPTIONS: <:nil todo:nil

There is a whole host of export options you can set with an in-buffer options or via global variables. See this section of the manual for a full list.

Normally, when you export an agenda view from within Emacs, htmlize will convert your face definitions to direct color CSS styles inlined into each <span> object, resulting in an HTML output that preserves the general look of your Org buffers and agenda views.

Let's say you generate an export from the command line, such as the following:

emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs.d/init.el \
-eval '(progn \
        (org-agenda nil "a") \
        (org-agenda-write "~/agenda.html"))'

In such an instance, the exported HTML will contain only very basic color styles. The reason is that when Emacs is run in batch mode, it does not have a display and therefore only rudimentary face definitions. If you'd like to use more complex styles, you'll have to supply custom CSS styles to make these classes look any way you like. To generate face definitions for a CSS file based on any faces you are currently using in Emacs, you can use the following command:

(defun org-html-htmlize-generate-css-for-agenda ()
  "Create the CSS for all font definitions in the current Emacs session.
Unlike `org-html-htmlize-generate-css', do not prepend
`org-html-htmlize-font-prefix' to face names."
  (interactive)
  (require 'ox-html)
  (let ((org-html-htmlize-font-prefix ""))
    (org-html-htmlize-generate-css)))

M-x org-html-htmlize-generate-css-for-agenda RET

This will generate a <style>...</style> section, the content of which you can manually copy to your style file:

emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs.d/init.el \
-eval '(let ((org-agenda-export-html-style \
              "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"mystyles.css\">")) \
        (org-agenda nil "a") \
        (org-agenda-write "~/agenda.html"))'

Add this to your .emacs and evaluate it.

(setq org-agenda-exporter-settings
      '((ps-print-color-p 'black-white)))

Org does not currently have special markup for abstracts, but for export purposes, you can extend the block-level structural and semantic markup in Org with the contributed package org-special-blocks (by Chris Gray). To turn it on, put this in your .emacs:

(require 'org-special-blocks)

Now, you can mark up the abstract of your article like this:

#+BEGIN_ABSTRACT
Falling apples were observed and compared with pears. Newton's laws
were confirmed at the 95% confidence level.
#+END_ABSTRACT

Exporting to Latex wraps this in a \begin{abstract}....\end{abstract} environment, which just works.

HTML export wraps it in a <div class="abstract">...</div> element. The HTML result won't look like anything special until you style it. Here is some sample CSS to get you started; put these in your document header:

#+STYLE: <style>.abstract {margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid black}
#+STYLE: .abstract:before {content: "Abstract: "; font-weight: bold}</style>

Generally, #+begin_foo will work for any simple Latex foo environment not supported by existing Org markup.

If you need to pass parameters, process the block content in some way, or support other exporters, you may want to consider whether you can customize it using Eric Schulte's org-exp-blocks instead.

As of Sun Aug 9 2009 the "current" version of Org-mode (see 4.2) supports exporting source code to LaTeX using the listings package.

To turn on listing export add the following to your Org-mode customization.

;; requite org-latex so that the following variables are defined
(require 'ox-latex)

;; tell org to use listings
(setq org-latex-listings t)

;; you must include the listings package
(add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist '("" "listings"))

;; if you want colored source code then you need to include the color package
(add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist '("" "color"))

The listings package will now be used to fontify source code in your LaTeX documents. By default listings will not color any of your source code. If you would like to set colors for keywords and comments in your latex documents you can do so using LaTeX directives like the following.

\lstset{keywordstyle=\color{blue},
  commentstyle=\color{red},
  stringstyle=\color{green}
}

of if you want to get even fancier with your colors you can try something like the following

\definecolor{keywords}{RGB}{255,0,90}
\definecolor{comments}{RGB}{60,179,113}
\definecolor{fore}{RGB}{249,242,215}
\definecolor{back}{RGB}{51,51,51}
\lstset{
  basicstyle=\color{fore},
  keywordstyle=\color{keywords},
  commentstyle=\color{comments},
  backgroundcolor=\color{back}
}

For more complex listings use cases consult the listings manual.

The latex Beamer Class is a useful class for generating slide shows. Org mode supports Beamer export out of the box. Check out the manual.

XeLaTeX is an alternative to pdfLaTeX for typesetting LaTeX documents. XeTeX can use any fonts installed in the operating system without configuring TeX font metrics, and can make direct use of advanced typographic features of OpenType and other font formats. By default, org-mode exports org files to pdf via pdfLaTeX.

To use XeLaTeX for LaTeX export, customize org-latex-compiler or add the following to Org file to be exported

#+LATEX_COMPILER: xelatex

An example .org file you want compiled with XeLaTeX might contain the following header:

#+TITLE: My Paper
#+AUTHOR: Jane Doe
#+DATE:
#+OPTIONS: toc:nil num:nil
#+LATEX_COMPILER: xelatex
#+LATEX_HEADER: \setsansfont[Mapping=tex-text]{Unit-Bold}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \setmonofont[Mapping=tex-text,Scale=MatchLowercase]{PragmataPro}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \setromanfont[Mapping=tex-text,Numbers=OldStyle]{Minion Pro}

If you always want to have the same font setup in your xelatex documents, the fontspec commands setting the font choices can be put in the org-latex-classes setting instead.

Some PDF viewers (earlier versions (< v6) of Acrobat Reader, Evince, possibly others) do not get along with Adobe Type3 fonts, producing almost unreadable screen output (printed output is OK). If you see this, first verify the fonts that your document uses: open it with Acrobat Reader or Evince, select "Properties" from the "File" menu and click on the "Fonts" tab; alternatively, you can use the pdffonts program (part of the xpdf-reader package) from the command line. If that is indeed the problem, then either use a different viewer or install Type1 versions of the problematic fonts. For more details, see the "PDF export" section of org-dependencies.

Yes. Excerpt from Org's manual:

If you need to add attributes to an inlined image, use a #+ATTR_HTML. In the example below we specify the alt and title attributes to support text viewers and accessibility, and align it to the right.

#+CAPTION: A black cat stalking a spider
#+ATTR_HTML: :alt cat/spider image :title Action! :align right
[[./img/a.jpg]]

and you could use http addresses just as well.

Orgmode exports natively to OpenDocument format using org-odt module.

The key bindings for export are C-c C-e o o and C-c C-e o O.

You can either use Info-ZIP or zip package from Cygwin. Please customize exec-path to include the installation directory.

Typically the corruption of odt file happens when the XML emitted by Org is not well-formed according to OpenDocument schema.

If you encounter corruption issues please identify the root cause using one of the methods described below:

• Use an Online validator
  • Pass the exported document through the ODF Validator and note down the errors.
• Use Emacs' in-built validator
  1. Switch to *.odt buffer (C-x b whatever.odt)
  2. Open the content.xml file - (Hit RET on content.xml)
  3. Do a C-u C-c C-n - (M-x rng-first-error)
  4. Note the error message, the XML markup at the point of error and the surrounding context.

Once you have identified the error

1. Create a minimal org file that reproduces the error.
2. Post a bug-report to emacs-orgmode@gnu.org.

Check the variable org-export-odt-styles-file. Here is its docstring, as of Org version 7.8:

org-export-odt-styles-file is a variable defined in `org-odt.el'.
Its value is nil

Documentation:
Default styles file for use with ODT export.
Valid values are one of:
1. nil
2. path to a styles.xml file
3. path to a *.odt or a *.ott file
4. list of the form (ODT-OR-OTT-FILE (FILE-MEMBER-1 FILE-MEMBER-2
...))

[snip]

Use "#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: ..." directive to set this variable on
a per-file basis.  For example,

#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: "/path/to/styles.xml" or
#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: ("/path/to/file.ott" ("styles.xml" "image/hdr.png")).

You can customize this variable.

Yes: simply use a blank #+TITLE in your Org file.

https://github.com/alhassy/org-special-block-extras implements exporting custom colors during export.

As alternative option, you can add the following to your Emacs config,

;; -*- emacs-lisp -*-
(org-link-set-parameters
 "color"
 :follow
 (lambda (path)
   (message (concat "color "
                    (progn (add-text-properties
                            0 (length path)
                            (list 'face `((t (:foreground ,path))))
                            path) path))))
 :export
 (lambda (path desc format)
   (cond
    ((org-export-derived-backend-p format 'html)
     (format "<span style=\"color:%s;\">%s</span>" path desc))
    ((org-export-derived-backend-p format 'latex)
     (format "{\\color{%s}%s}" path desc)))))

and then you can use

[[color:red][red]]

for colored export.

This question has been raised on the mailing list by Jos'h Fuller and answered by Eric Schulte.

Use the following directive in your Org file:

#+LATEX: \thispagestyle{empty}

Org does not have a dedicated inline comment markup, just paragraph-level comments. As a result,

# a comment like this in the middle of a sentence

will break the paragraph into two, as Org treats the sequence paragraph-comment-paragraph as three separate entities.

However, you can use inline export snippets with non-existing export backend (that is: not html, latex, or other export backends you use):
@@comment: rewrite it @@ or even @@c: be concise@@.
Then, the containing sentence is not broken structurally.

See also Comments in Getting started with Org-mode (Quickstart).

These are the most popular apps for keeping notes in org-mode format on mobile devices:

• MobileOrg for iOS, created by Richard Moreland. Check out the project's page.
• Orgzly Revived for Android. See the project's page.
• Organice, a React-based Progressive Web App (PWA) for any device with a browser. Syncs with Dropbox, Google Drive, and WebDAV. Can be self-hosted, or simply use the public instance. Check out the documentation for more info.

There is also an app called MobileOrg for Android which is now unmaintained and not fully compatible with recent versions of Android. See the project page.

Absolutely! Depending on the mobile app and your preferences, a number of options are available.

Yes. See this email from Torsten Wagner.

Also check this comment by Tom:

Since any mail can be found under the All label by definition the
simplest solution is extracting the message id from the end of
the current url and then creating a new url pointing to All.
This URL should always work unless the mail is deleted:

https://mail.google.com/mail/?shva=1#all/<msgid>

Org's LaTeX exporter has a difficult job on its hands and even though it does a great job most of the time, there are times when it falls short. One situation that has arisen a few times in the past is when a macro definition or use includes an opening brace, but the corresponding closing brace is on a different line. That has caused LaTeX compilation problems or mysterious excisions of content - see for example the following two threads in the mailing list:

• https://list.orgmode.org/87r5abi1tn.fsf@fastmail.fm
• https://list.orgmode.org/BANLkTikRuyA7_sCC3pyVEHsJ0KXtP88_xw@mail.gmail.com

In both cases, the exporter was getting confused by the opening brace which did not have a corresponding closing brace on the same line. Although the first of these cases is fixed in current Org, there might be more such cases or there might be a regression which causes the incorrect behavior again. While waiting for a fix, it's worth trying out the simple workaround of including a fake closing brace on the same line as the opening brace but commenting it out so that LaTeX never sees it. That is often enough to make the exporter behave properly. In other words, to take one of the examples above, instead of writing

#+latex: \custommacro {
...
#+latex: }

use the following idiom instead:

#+latex: \custommacro { % hide the closing brace in a LaTeX comment }
...
#+latex: }

I emphasize that this is a workaround, not a fix: if you do run into such a case and the workaround fixes it, at least you can continue working, but please submit a bug report so that it can be fixed properly.

See the "rather crude solution" posted in this blog entry by Robert Adesam.

Yes, use this:

(add-to-list 'ispell-skip-region-alist '("#\\+begin_src". "#\\+end_src"))

Yes, you can check this code.